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سورة آل عمران الآية ٥٢
صفحات الموقع

سورة آل عمران الآية ٥٢

سورة آل عمران الآية ٥٢

۞ فَلَمَّاۤ أَحَسَّ عِیسَىٰ مِنۡهُمُ ٱلۡكُفۡرَ قَالَ مَنۡ أَنصَارِیۤ إِلَى ٱللَّهِۖ قَالَ ٱلۡحَوَارِیُّونَ نَحۡنُ أَنصَارُ ٱللَّهِ ءَامَنَّا بِٱللَّهِ وَٱشۡهَدۡ بِأَنَّا مُسۡلِمُونَ ﴿٥٢﴾

التفسير

تفسير السعدي

" فَلَمَّا أَحَسَّ عِيسَى مِنْهُمُ الْكُفْرَ " والاتفاق على رد دعوته " قَالَ " نادبا لبني إسرائيل على مؤازرته " مَنْ أَنْصَارِي إِلَى اللَّهِ قَالَ الْحَوَارِيُّونَ " . أي: الأنصار: " نَحْنُ أَنْصَارُ اللَّهِ آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَاشْهَدْ بِأَنَّا مُسْلِمُونَ " وهذا من منة الله عليهم, وعلى عيسى, حيث ألهم هؤلاء الحواريين, الإيمان به, والانقياد لطاعته, والنصرة لرسوله.

التفسير الميسر

فلما استشعر عيسى منهم التصميم على الكفر نادى في أصحابه الخُلَّص: مَن يكون معي في نصرة دين الله؟ قال أصفياء عيسى: نحن أنصار دين الله والداعون إليه، صدَّقنا بالله واتبعناك، واشهد أنت يا عيسى بأنا مستسلمون لله بالتوحيد والطاعة.

تفسير الجلالين

"فَلَمَّا أَحَسَّ" عَلِمَ "عِيسَى مِنْهُمْ الْكُفْر" وَأَرَادُوا قَتْله "قَالَ مَنْ أَنْصَارِي" أَعْوَانِي ذَاهِبًا "إلَى اللَّه" لِأَنْصُر دِينه "قَالَ الْحَوَارِيُّونَ نَحْنُ أَنْصَار اللَّه" أَعْوَان دِينه وَهُمْ أَصْفِيَاء عِيسَى أَوَّل مَنْ آمَنَ بِهِ وَكَانُوا اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا مِنْ الْحُور وَهُوَ الْبَيَاض الْخَالِص وَقِيلَ كَانُوا قَصَّارِينَ يَحُورُونَ الثِّيَاب أَيْ يُبَيِّضُونَهَا "آمَنَّا" صَدَّقْنَا "بِاَللَّهِ وَاشْهَدْ" يَا عِيسَى "بأنا مسلمون"

تفسير ابن كثير

يَقُول تَعَالَى " فَلَمَّا أَحَسَّ عِيسَى " أَيْ اِسْتَشْعَرَ مِنْهُمْ التَّصْمِيم عَلَى الْكُفْر وَالِاسْتِمْرَار عَلَى الضَّلَال قَالَ : " مَنْ أَنْصَارِي إِلَى اللَّه " قَالَ مُجَاهِد : أَيْ مَنْ يَتْبَعنِي إِلَى اللَّه وَقَالَ سُفْيَان الثَّوْرِيّ وَغَيْره : أَيْ مَنْ أَنْصَارِي مَعَ اللَّه وَقَوْل مُجَاهِد أَقْرَب . وَالظَّاهِر أَنَّهُ أَرَادَ مَنْ أَنْصَارِي فِي الدَّعْوَة إِلَى اللَّه كَمَا كَانَ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُول فِي مَوَاسِم الْحَجّ قَبْل أَنْ يُهَاجِر " مَنْ رَجُل يُؤْوِينِي حَتَّى أُبَلِّغ كَلَام رَبِّي فَإِنَّ قُرَيْشًا قَدْ مَنَعُونِي أَنْ أُبَلِّغ كَلَام رَبِّي " حَتَّى وَجَدَ الْأَنْصَار فَأَوَوْهُ وَنَصَرُوهُ وَهَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ فَوَاسُوهُ وَمَنَعُوهُ مِنْ الْأَسْوَد وَالْأَحْمَر رَضِيَ اللَّه عَنْهُمْ وَأَرْضَاهُمْ . وَهَكَذَا عِيسَى اِبْن مَرْيَم عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام اِنْتَدَبَ لَهُ طَائِفَة مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيل فَآمَنُوا بِهِ وَوَازَرُوه وَنَصَرُوهُ وَاتَّبَعُوا النُّور الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ مَعَهُ وَلِهَذَا قَالَ تَعَالَى مُخْبِرًا عَنْهُمْ " قَالَ الْحَوَارِيُّونَ نَحْنُ أَنْصَار اللَّه آمَنَّا بِاَللَّهِ وَاشْهَدْ بِأَنَّا مُسْلِمُونَ رَبّنَا آمَنَّا بِمَا أَنْزَلْت وَاتَّبَعْنَا الرَّسُول فَاكْتُبْنَا مَعَ الشَّاهِدِينَ " الْحَوَارِيُّونَ قِيلَ : كَانُوا قَصَّارِينَ وَقِيلَ سُمُّوا بِذَلِكَ لِبَيَاضِ ثِيَابهمْ وَقِيلَ : صَيَّادِينَ . وَالصَّحِيح أَنَّ الْحَوَارِيّ النَّاصِر كَمَا ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ أَنَّ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَدَبَ النَّاس يَوْم الْأَحْزَاب فَانْتَدَبَ الزُّبَيْر ثُمَّ نَدَبَهُمْ فَانْتَدَبَ الزُّبَيْر رَضِيَ اللَّه عَنْهُ فَقَالَ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " لِكُلِّ نَبِيّ حَوَارِيّ وَحَوَارِيَّ الزُّبَيْر " .

تفسير الطبري

الْقَوْل فِي تَأْوِيل قَوْله تَعَالَى : { فَلَمَّا أَحَسَّ عِيسَى مِنْهُمْ الْكُفْر قَالَ مَنْ أَنْصَارِي إِلَى اللَّه قَالَ الْحَوَارِيُّونَ نَحْنُ أَنْصَار اللَّه آمَنَّا بِاَللَّهِ وَاشْهَدْ بِأَنَّا مُسْلِمُونَ } يَعْنِي بِقَوْلِهِ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ : { فَلَمَّا أَحَسَّ عِيسَى مِنْهُمْ الْكُفْر } فَلَمَّا وَجَدَ عِيسَى مِنْهُمْ الْكُفْر . وَالْإِحْسَاس : هُوَ الْوُجُود , وَمِنْهُ قَوْل اللَّه عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : { هَلْ تُحِسّ مِنْهُمْ مِنْ أَحَد } 19 98 فَأَمَّا الْحَسّ بِغَيْرِ أَلِف , فَهُوَ الْإِفْنَاء وَالْقَتْل , وَمِنْهُ قَوْله : { إِذْ تَحُسُّونَهُمْ بِإِذْنِهِ } 3 152 وَالْحِسّ أَيْضًا : الْعَطْف وَالرِّقَّة . وَمِنْهُ قَوْل الْكُمَيْت : هَلْ مَنْ بَكَى الدَّار رَاجٍ أَنْ تَحِسّ لَهُ أَوْ يُبْكِي الدَّار مَاء الْعَبْرَة الْخَضِل يَعْنِي بِقَوْلِهِ : أَنْ تَحِسّ لَهُ : أَنْ تَرِقّ لَهُ . فَتَأْوِيل الْكَلَام : فَلَمَّا وَجَدَ عِيسَى مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيل الَّذِينَ أَرْسَلَهُ اللَّه إِلَيْهِمْ جُحُودًا لِنُبُوَّتِهِ , وَتَكْذِيبًا لِقَوْلِهِ , وَصَدًّا عَمَّا دَعَاهُمْ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ أَمْر اللَّه , قَالَ : { مَنْ أَنْصَارِي إِلَى اللَّه } يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ : قَالَ عِيسَى : مَنْ أَعْوَانِي عَلَى الْمُكَذِّبِينَ بِحُجَّةِ اللَّه , وَالْمُوَلِّينَ عَنْ دِينه , وَالْجَاحِدِينَ نُبُوَّة نَبِيّه إِلَى اللَّه عَزَّ وَجَلَّ , وَيَعْنِي بِقَوْلِهِ { إِلَى اللَّه } مَعَ اللَّه , وَإِنَّمَا حَسُنَ أَنْ يُقَال إِلَى اللَّه , بِمَعْنَى : مَعَ اللَّه , لِأَنَّ مِنْ شَأْن الْعَرَب إِذَا ضَمُّوا الشَّيْء إِلَى غَيْره , ثُمَّ أَرَادُوا الْخَبَر عَنْهُمَا بِضَمِّ أَحَدهمَا مَعَ الْآخَر إِذَا ضُمَّ إِلَيْهِ جَعَلُوا مَكَان مَعَ إِلَى أَحْيَانًا , وَأَحْيَانًا تُخْبِر عَنْهُمَا بِمَعَ , فَتَقُول الذَّوْد إِلَى الذَّوْد إِبِل , بِمَعْنَى : إِذَا ضَمَمْت الذَّوْد إِلَى الذَّوْد صَارَتْ إِبِلًا , فَأَمَّا إِذَا كَانَ الشَّيْء مَعَ الشَّيْء لَمْ يَقُولُوهُ بِإِلَى وَلَمْ يَجْعَلُوا مَكَان مَعَ إِلَى غَيْر جَائِز أَنْ يُقَال : قَدِمَ فُلَان وَإِلَيْهِ مَال , بِمَعْنَى : وَمَعَهُ مَال . وَبِمِثْلِ مَا قُلْنَا فِي تَأْوِيل قَوْله : { مَنْ أَنْصَارِي إِلَى اللَّه } قَالَ جَمَاعَة مِنْ أَهْل التَّأْوِيل . ذِكْر مَنْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ : 5607 - حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّد بْن الْحُسَيْن , قَالَ : ثنا أَحْمَد بْن الْمُفَضَّل , قَالَ : ثنا أَسْبَاط , عَنْ السُّدِّيّ قَوْله : { مَنْ أَنْصَارِي إِلَى اللَّه } يَقُول : مَعَ اللَّه . 5608 - حَدَّثَنَا الْقَاسِم , قَالَ : ثنا الْحُسَيْن , قَالَ : ثني حَجَّاج , عَنْ اِبْن جُرَيْج : { مَنْ أَنْصَارِي إِلَى اللَّه } يَقُول : مَعَ اللَّه . وَأَمَّا سَبَب اِسْتِنْصَار عِيسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام مَنْ اِسْتَنْصَرَ مِنْ الْحَوَارِيِّينَ , فَإِنَّ بَيْن أَهْل الْعِلْم فِيهِ اِخْتِلَافًا , فَقَالَ بَعْضهمْ : كَانَ سَبَب ذَلِكَ مَا : 5609 - حَدَّثَنِي بِهِ مُوسَى بْن هَارُون , قَالَ : ثنا عَمْرو , قَالَ : ثنا أَسْبَاط , عَنْ السُّدِّيّ : لَمَّا بَعَثَ اللَّه عِيسَى , فَأَمَرَهُ بِالدَّعْوَةِ , نَفَتْهُ بَنُو إِسْرَائِيل وَأَخْرَجُوهُ , فَخَرَجَ هُوَ وَأُمّه يَسِيحُونَ فِي الْأَرْض , فَنَزَلَ فِي قَرْيَة عَلَى رَجُل , فَضَافَهُمْ وَأَحْسَنَ إِلَيْهِمْ , وَكَانَ لِتِلْكَ الْمَدِينَة مَلِك جَبَّار مُعْتَدٍ , فَجَاءَ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُل يَوْمًا وَقَدْ وَقَعَ عَلَيْهِ هَمّ وَحُزْن , فَدَخَلَ مَنْزِله وَمَرْيَم عِنْد اِمْرَأَته , فَقَالَتْ مَرْيَم لَهَا : مَا شَأْن زَوْجك أَرَاهُ حَزِينًا ؟ قَالَتْ : لَا تَسْأَلِي , قَالَتْ : أَخْبِرِينِي لَعَلَّ اللَّه يُفَرِّج كُرْبَته , قَالَتْ : فَإِنَّ لَنَا مَلِكًا يَجْعَل عَلَى كُلّ رَجُل مِنَّا يَوْمًا يُطْعِمهُ هُوَ وَجُنُوده , وَيَسْقِيهِمْ مِنْ الْخَمْر , فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْعَل عَاقَبَهُ , وَإِنَّهُ قَدْ بَلَغَتْ نَوْبَته الْيَوْم الَّذِي يُرِيد أَنْ نَصْنَع لَهُ فِيهِ , وَلَيْسَ لِذَلِكَ عِنْدنَا سَعَة , قَالَتْ : فَقُولِي لَهُ : لَا يَهْتَمّ , فَإِنِّي آمُر اِبْنِي فَيَدْعُو لَهُ , فَيُكْفَى ذَلِكَ , قَالَتْ مَرْيَم لِعِيسَى فِي ذَلِكَ , قَالَ عِيسَى : يَا أُمّه إِنِّي إِنْ فَعَلْت كَانَ فِي ذَلِكَ شَرّ , قَالَتْ : فَلَا تُبَالِ , فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ أَحْسَنَ إِلَيْنَا وَأَكْرَمَنَا , قَالَ عِيسَى : فَقُولِي لَهُ : إِذَا اِقْتَرَبَ ذَلِكَ فَامْلَأْ قُدُورك وَخَوَابِيك مَاء ثُمَّ أَعْلِمْنِي , قَالَ : فَلَمَّا مَلَأَهُنَّ أَعْلَمَهُ , فَدَعَا اللَّه , فَتَحَوَّلَ مَا فِي الْقُدُور لَحْمًا وَمَرَقًا وَخُبْزًا , وَمَا فِي الْخَوَابِي خَمْرًا لَمْ يَرَ النَّاس مِثْله قَطُّ وَإِيَّاهُ طَعَامًا ; فَلَمَّا جَاءَ الْمَلِك أَكَلَ , فَلَمَّا شَرِبَ الْخَمْر سَأَلَ مِنْ أَيْنَ هَذِهِ الْخَمْر ؟ قَالَ لَهُ : هِيَ مِنْ أَرْض كَذَا وَكَذَا , قَالَ الْمَلِك : فَإِنَّ خَمْرِي أُوتِيَ بِهَا مِنْ تِلْكَ الْأَرْض فَلَيْسَ هِيَ مِثْل هَذِهِ , قَالَ : هِيَ مِنْ أَرْض أُخْرَى ; فَلَمَّا خَلَّطَ عَلَى الْمَلِك اِشْتَدَّ عَلَيْهِ , قَالَ : فَأَنَا أُخْبِرك عِنْدِي غُلَام لَا يَسْأَل اللَّه شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ , وَإِنَّهُ دَعَا اللَّه , فَجَعَلَ الْمَاء خَمْرًا , قَالَ الْمَلِك , وَكَانَ لَهُ اِبْن يُرِيد أَنْ يَسْتَخْلِفهُ , فَمَاتَ قَبْل ذَلِكَ بِأَيَّامٍ , وَكَانَ أَحَبّ الْخَلْق إِلَيْهِ , فَقَالَ : إِنَّ رَجُلًا دَعَا اللَّه حَتَّى جَعَلَ الْمَاء خَمْرًا , لَيُسْتَجَابَنَّ لَهُ حَتَّى يُحْيِي اِبْنِي , فَدَعَا عِيسَى فَكَلَّمَهُ , فَسَأَلَهُ أَنْ يَدْعُو اللَّه فَيُحْيِي اِبْنه , فَقَالَ عِيسَى : لَا تَفْعَل , فَإِنَّهُ إِنْ عَاشَ كَانَ شَرًّا , فَقَالَ الْمَلِك : لَا أُبَالِي , أَلَيْسَ أَرَاهُ , فَلَا أُبَالِي مَا كَانَ , فَقَالَ عِيسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام : فَإِنْ أَحْيَيْته تَتْرُكُونِي أَنَا وَأُمِّي نَذْهَب أَيْنَمَا شِئْنَا , قَالَ الْمَلِك : نَعَمْ , فَدَعَا اللَّه , فَعَاشَ الْغُلَام ; فَلَمَّا رَآهُ أَهْل مَمْلَكَته قَدْ عَاشَ , تَنَادَوْا بِالسِّلَاحِ , وَقَالُوا : أَكَلَنَا هَذَا حَتَّى إِذَا دَنَا مَوْته يُرِيد أَنْ يَسْتَخْلِف اِبْنه فَيَأْكُلنَا كَمَا أَكَلَنَا أَبُوهُ , فَاقْتَتَلُوا , وَذَهَبَ عِيسَى وَأُمّه , وَصَحِبَهُمَا يَهُودِيّ , وَكَانَ مَعَ الْيَهُودِيّ رَغِيفَانِ , وَمَعَ عِيسَى رَغِيف , فَقَالَ لَهُ عِيسَى : شَارِكْنِي , فَقَالَ الْيَهُودِيّ : نَعَمْ , فَلَمَّا رَأَى أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ مَعَ عِيسَى إِلَّا رَغِيف نَدِمَ ; فَلَمَّا نَامَا جَعَلَ الْيَهُودِيّ يُرِيد أَنْ يَأْكُل الرَّغِيف , فَلَمَّا أَكَلَ لُقْمَة قَالَ لَهُ عِيسَى : لَهُ مَا تَصْنَع ؟ فَيَقُول : لَا شَيْء , فَيَطْرَحهَا , حَتَّى فَرَغَ مِنْ الرَّغِيف كُلّه ; فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَا قَالَ لَهُ عِيسَى : هَلُمَّ طَعَامك , فَجَاءَ بِرَغِيفٍ , فَقَالَ لَهُ عِيسَى : أَيْنَ الرَّغِيف الْآخَر ؟ قَالَ : مَا كَانَ مَعِي إِلَّا وَاحِد , فَسَكَتَ عَنْهُ عِيسَى , فَانْطَلَقُوا , فَمَرُّوا بِرَاعِي غَنَم , فَنَادَى عِيسَى , يَا صَاحِب الْغَنَم أَجْزِرْنَا شَاة مِنْ غَنَمك , قَالَ : نَعَمْ , أَرْسِلْ صَاحِبك يَأْخُذهَا , فَأَرْسَلَ عِيسَى الْيَهُودِيّ , فَجَاءَ بِالشَّاةِ , فَذَبَحُوهَا وَشَوَوْهَا , ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلْيَهُودِيِّ : كُلْ وَلَا تَكْسِرَنَّ عَظْمًا ! فَأَكَلَا , فَلَمَّا شَبِعُوا قَذَفَ عِيسَى الْعِظَام فِي الْجِلْد , ثُمَّ ضَرَبَهَا بِعَصَاهُ وَقَالَ : قُومِي بِإِذْنِ اللَّه , فَقَامَتْ الشَّاة تَثْغُو , فَقَالَ : يَا صَاحِب الْغَنَم خُذْ شَاتك , فَقَالَ لَهُ الرَّاعِي : مَنْ أَنْتَ ؟ قَالَ : أَنَا عِيسَى اِبْن مَرْيَم , قَالَ : أَنْتَ السَّاحِر , وَفَرَّ مِنْهُ . قَالَ عِيسَى لِلْيَهُودِيِّ : بِاَلَّذِي أَحْيَا هَذِهِ الشَّاة بَعْدَمَا أَكَلْنَاهَا كَمْ كَانَ مَعَك رَغِيفًا ؟ فَحَلَفَ مَا كَانَ مَعَهُ إِلَّا رَغِيف وَاحِد , فَمَرُّوا بِصَاحِبِ بَقَر , فَنَادَى عِيسَى , فَقَالَ : يَا صَاحِب الْبَقَر أَجْزِرْنَا مِنْ بَقَرك هَذِهِ عِجْلًا ! قَالَ : اِبْعَثْ صَاحِبك يَأْخُذهُ , قَالَ : اِنْطَلِقْ يَا يَهُودِيّ فَجِئْ بِهِ , فَانْطَلَقَ فَجَاءَ بِهِ , فَذَبَحَهُ وَشَوَاهُ , وَصَاحِب الْبَقَر يَنْظُر , فَقَالَ لَهُ عِيسَى : كُلْ وَلَا تَكْسِرَنَّ عَظْمًا . فَلَمَّا فَرَغُوا قَذَفَ الْعِظَام فِي الْجِلْد , ثُمَّ ضَرَبَهُ بِعَصَاهُ , وَقَالَ : قُمْ بِإِذْنِ اللَّه ! فَقَامَ وَلَهُ خُوَار , قَالَ : خُذْ عِجْلك , قَالَ : وَمَنْ أَنْتَ ؟ قَالَ : أَنَا عِيسَى , قَالَ : أَنْتَ السَّحَّار . ثُمَّ فَرَّ مِنْهُ , قَالَ الْيَهُودِيّ : يَا عِيسَى أَحْيَيْته بَعْد مَا أَكَلْنَاهُ , قَالَ عِيسَى : فَبِاَلَّذِي أَحْيَا الشَّاة بَعْد مَا أَكَلْنَاهَا , وَالْعِجْل بَعْد مَا أَكَلْنَاهُ , كَمْ كَانَ مَعَك رَغِيفًا ؟ فَحَلَفَ بِاَللَّهِ مَا كَانَ مَعَهُ إِلَّا رَغِيف وَاحِد ; فَانْطَلَقَا حَتَّى نَزَلَا قَرْيَة , فَنَزَلَ الْيَهُودِيّ أَعْلَاهَا , وَعِيسَى فِي أَسْفَلهَا , وَأَخَذَ الْيَهُودِيّ عَصَا مِثْل عَصَا عِيسَى , وَقَالَ : أَنَا الْآن أُحْيِي الْمَوْتَى , وَكَانَ مَلِك تِلْكَ الْمَدِينَة مَرِيضًا شَدِيد الْمَرَض , فَانْطَلَقَ الْيَهُودِيّ يُنَادِي : مَنْ يَبْتَغِي طَبِيبًا ؟ حَتَّى أَتَى مَلِك تِلْكَ الْقَرْيَة , فَأَخْبَرَ بِوَجَعِهِ , فَقَالَ : أَدْخِلُونِي عَلَيْهِ فَأَنَا أُبْرِئهُ , وَإِنْ رَأَيْتُمُوهُ قَدْ مَاتَ فَأَنَا أُحْيِيه , فَقِيلَ لَهُ : إِنَّ وَجَع الْمَلِك قَدْ أَعْيَا الْأَطِبَّاء قَبْلك , لَيْسَ مِنْ طَبِيب يُدَاوِيه , وَلَا يَفِيء دَوَاؤُهُ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَمَرَ بِهِ فَصُلِبَ , قَالَ : أَدْخِلُونِي عَلَيْهِ فَإِنِّي سَأُبْرِئُهُ , فَأُدْخِلَ عَلَيْهِ , فَأَخَذَ بِرِجْلِ الْمَلِك فَضَرَبَهُ بِعَصَاهُ حَتَّى مَاتَ , فَجَعَلَ يَضْرِبهُ بِعَصَاهُ وَهُوَ مَيِّت , وَيَقُول : قُمْ بِإِذْنِ اللَّه , فَأُخِذَ لِيُصْلَب , فَبَلَغَ عِيسَى , فَأَقْبَلَ إِلَيْهِ وَقَدْ رُفِعَ عَلَى الْخَشَبَة , فَقَالَ : أَرَأَيْتُمْ إِنْ أَحْيَيْت لَكُمْ صَاحِبكُمْ أَتَتْرُكُونَ لِي صَاحِبِي ؟ قَالُوا : نَعَمْ , فَأَحْيَا اللَّه الْمَلِك لِعِيسَى , فَقَامَ وَأُنْزِلَ الْيَهُودِيّ , فَقَالَ : يَا عِيسَى أَنْتَ أَعْظَم النَّاس عَلَيَّ مِنَّة , وَاَللَّه لَا أُفَارِقك أَبَدًا , قَالَ عِيسَى - فِيمَا حَدَّثَنَا بِهِ مُحَمَّد بْن الْحُسَيْن بْن مُوسَى , قَالَ : ثنا أَحْمَد بْن الْمُفَضَّل قَالَ أَسْبَاط , عَنْ السُّدِّيّ - لِلْيَهُودِيِّ : أَنْشُدك بِاَلَّذِي أَحْيَا الشَّاة وَالْعِجْل بَعْد مَا أَكَلْنَاهُمَا , وَأَحْيَا هَذَا بَعْد مَا مَاتَ , وَأَنْزَلَك مِنْ الْجِذْع بَعْد مَا رُفِعْت عَلَيْهِ لِتُصْلَب كَمْ كَانَ مَعَك رَغِيفًا , قَالَ : فَحَلَفَ بِهَذَا كُلّه مَا كَانَ مَعَهُ إِلَّا رَغِيف وَاحِد , قَالَ : لَا بَأْس , فَانْطَلَقَا حَتَّى مَرَّا عَلَى كَنْز قَدْ حَفَرَتْهُ السِّبَاع وَالدَّوَابّ , فَقَالَ الْيَهُودِيّ يَا عِيسَى : لِمَنْ هَذَا الْمَال , قَالَ عِيسَى : دَعْهُ , فَإِنَّ لَهُ أَهْلًا يَهْلِكُونَ عَلَيْهِ , فَجَعَلَتْ نَفْس الْيَهُودِيّ تَطَّلِع إِلَى الْمَال , وَيَكْرَه أَنْ يَعْصِي عِيسَى , فَانْطَلَقَ مَعَ عِيسَى وَمَرَّ بِالْمَالِ أَرْبَعَة نَفَر ; فَلَمَّا رَأَوْهُ , اِجْتَمَعُوا عَلَيْهِ , فَقَالَ اِثْنَانِ لِصَاحِبَيْهِمَا : اِنْطَلِقَا فَابْتَاعَا لَنَا طَعَامًا وَشَرَابًا وَدَوَابّ نَحْمِل عَلَيْهَا هَذَا الْمَال , فَانْطَلَقَ الرَّجُلَانِ فَابْتَاعَا دَوَابّ وَطَعَامًا وَشَرَابًا , وَقَالَ أَحَدهمَا لِصَاحِبِهِ : هَلْ لَك أَنْ نَجْعَل لِصَاحِبَيْنَا فِي طَعَامهمَا سُمًّا , فَإِذَا أَكَلَا مَاتَا فَكَانَ الْمَال بَيْنِي وَبَيْنك , فَقَالَ الْآخَر نَعَمْ , فَفَعَلَا , وَقَالَ الْآخَرَانِ : إِذَا مَا أَتَيَانَا بِالطَّعَامِ , فَلْيَقُمْ كُلّ وَاحِد إِلَى صَاحِبه فَيَقْتُلهُ , فَيَكُون الطَّعَام وَالدَّوَابّ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنك , فَلَمَّا جَاءَا بِطَعَامِهِمَا قَامَا فَقَتَلَاهُمَا , ثُمَّ قَعَدَا عَلَى الطَّعَام , فَأَكَلَا مِنْهُ فَمَاتَا , وَأُعْلِمَ ذَلِكَ عِيسَى , فَقَالَ لِلْيَهُودِيِّ : أَخْرِجْهُ حَتَّى نَقْتَسِمهُ , فَأَخْرَجَهُ فَقَسَمَهُ عِيسَى بَيْن ثَلَاثَة , فَقَالَ الْيَهُودِيّ : يَا عِيسَى اِتَّقِ اللَّه وَلَا تَظْلِمنِي , فَإِنَّمَا هُوَ أَنَا وَأَنْتَ , مَا هَذِهِ الثَّلَاثَة ؟ قَالَ لَهُ عِيسَى هَذَا لِي , وَهَذَا لَك , وَهَذَا الثُّلُث لِصَاحِبِ الرَّغِيف , قَالَ الْيَهُودِيّ : فَإِنْ أَخْبَرْتُك بِصَاحِبِ الرَّغِيف تُعْطِينِي هَذَا الْمَال ؟ فَقَالَ عِيسَى : نَعَمْ , قَالَ أَنَا هُوَ , قَالَ : عِيسَى : خُذْ حَظِّي وَحَظّك وَحَظّ صَاحِب الرَّغِيف , فَهُوَ حَظّك مِنْ الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَة ; فَلَمَّا حَمَلَهُ مَشَى بِهِ شَيْئًا , فَخُسِفَ بِهِ , وَانْطَلَقَ عِيسَى اِبْن مَرْيَم , فَمَرَّ بِالْحَوَارِيِّينَ وَهُمْ يَصْطَادُونَ السَّمَك , فَقَالَ : مَا تَصْنَعُونَ ؟ فَقَالُوا : نَصْطَاد السَّمَك , فَقَالَ : أَفَلَا تَمْشُونَ حَتَّى نَصْطَاد النَّاس ؟ قَالُوا : وَمَنْ أَنْتَ ؟ قَالَ : أَنَا عِيسَى اِبْن مَرْيَم , فَآمَنُوا بِهِ , وَانْطَلَقُوا مَعَهُ , فَذَلِكَ قَوْل اللَّه عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : { مَنْ أَنْصَارِي إِلَى اللَّه قَالَ الْحَوَارِيُّونَ نَحْنُ أَنْصَار اللَّه آمَنَّا بِاَللَّهِ وَاشْهَدْ بِأَنَّا مُسْلِمُونَ } 5610 - حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّد بْن سِنَان , قَالَ : ثنا أَبُو بَكْر الْحَنَفِيّ مِنْ عَبَّاد بْن مَنْصُور , عَنْ الْحَسَن فِي قَوْله : { فَلَمَّا أَحَسَّ عِيسَى مِنْهُمْ الْكُفْر قَالَ مَنْ أَنْصَارِي إِلَى اللَّه } . .. الْآيَة , قَالَ : اِسْتَنْصَرَ فَنَصَرَهُ الْحَوَارِيُّونَ وَظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِمْ . وَقَالَ آخَرُونَ : كَانَ سَبَب اِسْتِنْصَار عِيسَى مَنْ اِسْتَنْصَرَ , لِأَنَّ مَنْ اِسْتَنْصَرَ مِنْ الْحَوَارِيِّينَ عَلَيْهِ كَانُوا أَرَادُوا قَتْله . ذِكْر مَنْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ : 5611 - حَدَّثَنَا الْقَاسِم , قَالَ : ثنا الْحُسَيْن , قَالَ : ثني حَجَّاج , عَنْ اِبْن جُرَيْج , عَنْ مُجَاهِد : { فَلَمَّا أَحَسَّ عِيسَى مِنْهُمْ الْكُفْر } قَالَ : كَفَرُوا وَأَرَادُوا قَتْله , فَذَلِكَ حِين اِسْتَنْصَرَ قَوْمه , قَالَ : { مَنْ أَنْصَارِي إِلَى اللَّه قَالَ الْحَوَارِيُّونَ نَحْنُ أَنْصَار اللَّه } وَالْأَنْصَار : جَمْع نَصِير , كَمَا الْأَشْرَاف جَمْع شَرِيف , وَالْأَشْهَاد جَمْع شَهِيد . وَأَمَّا الْحَوَارِيُّونَ , فَإِنَّ أَهْل التَّأْوِيل اِخْتَلَفُوا فِي السَّبَب الَّذِي مِنْ أَجْله سُمُّوا حَوَارِيُّونَ , فَقَالَ بَعْضهمْ : سُمُّوا بِذَلِكَ لِبَيَاضِ ثِيَابهمْ . ذِكْر مَنْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ : 5612 - حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّد بْن عُبَيْد الْمُحَارِبِيّ , قَالَ : مِمَّا رَوَى أَبِي , قَالَ : ثنا قَيْس بْن الرَّبِيع , عَنْ مَيْسَرَة , عَنْ الْمِنْهَال بْن عَمْرو , عَنْ سَعِيد بْن جُبَيْر , قَالَ : إِنَّمَا سُمُّوا الْحَوَارِيِّينَ بِبَيَاضِ ثِيَابهمْ . وَقَالَ آخَرُونَ : سُمُّوا بِذَلِكَ لِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا قَصَّارِينَ يُبَيِّضُونَ الثِّيَاب . ذِكْر مَنْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ : 5613 - حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّد بْن عَمْرو , قَالَ : ثنا أَبُو عَاصِم , عَنْ عِيسَى , عَنْ اِبْن أَبِي نَجِيح , عَنْ أَبِي أَرْطَأَة , قَالَ : الْحَوَارِيُّونَ : الْغَسَّالُونَ , الَّذِينَ يُحَوِّرُونَ الثِّيَاب يَغْسِلُونَهَا . وَقَالَ آخَرُونَ : هُمْ خَاصَّة الْأَنْبِيَاء وَصَفْوَتهمْ . ذِكْر مَنْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ : 5614 - حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوب بْن إِبْرَاهِيم , قَالَ : ثنا اِبْن عُلَيَّة , عَنْ رَوْح بْن الْقَاسِم , أَنَّ قَتَادَة ذَكَرَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَاب النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ , فَقَالَ : كَانَ مِنْ الْحَوَارِيِّينَ , فَقِيلَ لَهُ : مَنْ الْحَوَارِيُّونَ ؟ قَالَ : الَّذِينَ تَصْلُح لَهُمْ الْخِلَافَة . 5615 - حُدِّثْت عَنْ الْمِنْجَاب , قَالَ : ثنا الْحُسَيْن , قَالَ : ثنا بِشْر , عَنْ عُمَارَة , عَنْ أَبِي رَوْق , عَنْ الضَّحَّاك فِي قَوْله : { إِذْ قَالَ الْحَوَارِيُّونَ } قَالَ : أَصْفِيَاء الْأَنْبِيَاء . وَأَشْبَه الْأَقْوَال الَّتِي ذَكَرْنَا فِي مَعْنَى الْحَوَارِيِّينَ قَوْل مَنْ قَالَ : سُمُّوا بِذَلِكَ لِبَيَاضِ ثِيَابهمْ , وَلِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا غَسَّالِينَ , وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْحَوَر عِنْد الْعَرَب : شِدَّة الْبَيَاض , وَلِذَلِكَ سُمِّيَ الْحُوَّارَى مِنْ الطَّعَام حُوَّارَى لِشِدَّةِ بَيَاضه , وَمِنْهُ قِيلَ لِلرَّجُلِ الشَّدِيد الْبَيَاض مُقْلَة الْعَيْنَيْنِ أَحْوَر , وَلِلْمَرْأَةِ حَوْرَاء , وَقَدْ يَجُوز أَنْ يَكُون حَوَارِيُّو عِيسَى كَانُوا سُمُّوا بِاَلَّذِي ذَكَرْنَا مِنْ تَبْيِيضهمْ الثِّيَاب , وَأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا قَصَّارِينَ , فَعُرِفُوا بِصُحْبَةِ عِيسَى وَاخْتِيَاره إِيَّاهُمْ لِنَفْسِهِ أَصْحَابًا وَأَنْصَارًا , فَجَرَى ذَلِكَ الِاسْم لَهُمْ وَاسْتُعْمِلَ , حَتَّى صَارَ كُلّ خَاصَّة لِلرَّجُلِ مِنْ أَصْحَابه وَأَنْصَاره حَوَارِيّه ; وَلِذَلِكَ قَالَ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لِكُلِّ نَبِيّ حَوَارِيّ , وَحَوَارِيّ الزُّبَيْر " يَعْنِي خَاصَّته . وَقَدْ تُسَمِّي الْعَرَب النِّسَاء اللَّوَاتِي مَسَاكِنهنَّ الْقُرَى وَالْأَمْصَار حِوَارِيَّات , وَإِنَّمَا سُمِّينَ بِذَلِكَ لِغَلَبَةِ الْبَيَاض عَلَيْهِنَّ , وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْل أَبِي جَلْدَة الْيَشْكُرِيّ : فَقُلْ لِلْحِوَارِيَّاتِ يَبْكِينَ غَيْرنَا وَلَا تَبْكِينَا إِلَّا الْكِلَاب النَّوَابِح وَيَعْنِي بِقَوْلِهِ : { قَالَ الْحَوَارِيُّونَ } قَالَ : هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ صِفَتهمْ مَا ذَكَرْنَا مِنْ تَبْيِيضهمْ الثِّيَاب : آمَنَّا بِاَللَّهِ , صَدَّقْنَا بِاَللَّهِ , وَاشْهَدْ أَنْتَ يَا عِيسَى بِأَنَّنَا مُسْلِمُونَ . وَهَذَا خَبَر مِنْ اللَّه عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَنَّ الْإِسْلَام دِينه الَّذِي اُبْتُعِثَ بِهِ عِيسَى وَالْأَنْبِيَاء قَبْله , لَا النَّصْرَانِيَّة وَلَا الْيَهُودِيَّة , وَتَبْرِئَة مِنْ اللَّه لِعِيسَى مِمَّنْ اِنْتَحَلَ النَّصْرَانِيَّة وَدَانَ بِهَا , كَمَا بَرَّأَ إِبْرَاهِيم مِنْ سَائِر الْأَدْيَان غَيْر الْإِسْلَام , وَذَلِكَ اِحْتِجَاج مِنْ اللَّه تَعَالَى ذِكْره لِنَبِيِّهِ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى وَفْد نَجْرَان . كَمَا : 5616 - حَدَّثَنَا اِبْن حُمَيْد , قَالَ : ثنا سَلَمَة , عَنْ مُحَمَّد بْن إِسْحَاق , عَنْ مُحَمَّد بْن جَعْفَر بْن الزُّبَيْر { فَلَمَّا أَحَسَّ عِيسَى مِنْهُمْ الْكُفْر } وَالْعُدْوَان , { قَالَ مَنْ أَنْصَارِي إِلَى اللَّه قَالَ الْحَوَارِيُّونَ نَحْنُ أَنْصَار اللَّه آمَنَّا بِاَللَّهِ } وَهَذَا قَوْلهمْ الَّذِي أَصَابُوا بِهِ الْفَضْل مِنْ رَبّهمْ , وَاشْهَدْ بِأَنَّا مُسْلِمُونَ , لَا كَمَا يَقُول هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ يُحَاجُّونَك فِيهِ , يَعْنِي وَفْد نَصَارَى نَجْرَان .

تفسير القرطبي

أَيْ مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيل . وَأَحَسَّ مَعْنَاهُ عَلِمَ وَوَجَدَ قَالَهُ الزَّجَّاج . وَقَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَة : مَعْنَى " أَحَسَّ " عَرَفَ , وَأَصْل ذَلِكَ وُجُود الشَّيْء بِالْحَاسَّةِ . وَالْإِحْسَاس : الْعِلْم بِالشَّيْءِ ; قَالَ اللَّه تَعَالَى : " هَلْ تُحِسّ مِنْهُمْ مِنْ أَحَد " [ مَرْيَم : 98 ] وَالْحَسّ الْقَتْل ; قَالَ اللَّه تَعَالَى : " إِذْ تَحُسُّونَهُمْ بِإِذْنِهِ " [ آل عِمْرَان : 152 ] . وَمِنْهُ الْحَدِيث فِي الْجَرَاد ( إِذَا حَسَّهُ الْبَرْد ) . أَيْ الْكُفْر بِاَللَّهِ . وَقِيلَ : سَمِعَ مِنْهُمْ كَلِمَة الْكُفْر . وَقَالَ الْفَرَّاء : أَرَادُوا قَتْله . اِسْتَنْصَرَ عَلَيْهِمْ . قَالَ السُّدِّيّ وَالثَّوْرِيّ وَغَيْرهمَا : الْمَعْنَى مَعَ اللَّه , فَإِلَى بِمَعْنَى مَعَ ; كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : " وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالهمْ إِلَى أَمْوَالكُمْ " [ النِّسَاء : 2 ] أَيْ مَعَ . وَاَللَّه أَعْلَم . وَقَالَ الْحَسَن : الْمَعْنَى مَنْ أَنْصَارِي فِي السَّبِيل إِلَى اللَّه ; لِأَنَّهُ دَعَاهُمْ إِلَى اللَّه عَزَّ وَجَلَّ . وَقِيلَ : الْمَعْنَى مَنْ يَضُمّ نُصْرَته إِلَى نُصْرَة اللَّه عَزَّ وَجَلَّ . فَإِلَى عَلَى هَذَيْنِ الْقَوْلَيْنِ عَلَى بَابهَا , وَهُوَ الْجَيِّد . وَطَلَب النُّصْرَة لِيَحْتَمِيَ بِهَا مِنْ قَوْمه وَيُظْهِر الدَّعْوَة ; عَنْ الْحَسَن وَمُجَاهِد . وَهَذِهِ سُنَّة اللَّه فِي أَنْبِيَائِهِ وَأَوْلِيَائِهِ . وَقَدْ قَالَ لُوط : " لَوْ أَنَّ لِي بِكَمْ قُوَّة أَوْ آوِي إِلَى رُكْن شَدِيد " [ هُود : 80 ] أَيْ عَشِيرَة وَأَصْحَاب يَنْصُرُونَنِي . " قَالَ الْحَوَارِيُّونَ نَحْنُ أَنْصَار اللَّه " أَيْ أَنْصَار نَبِيّه وَدِينه . وَالْحَوَارِيُّونَ أَصْحَاب عِيسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام , وَكَانُوا اثْنَيْ عَشَر رَجُلًا ; قَالَهُ الْكَلْبِيّ وَأَبُو رَوْق . وَاخْتُلِفَ فِي تَسْمِيَتهمْ بِذَلِكَ ; فَقَالَ اِبْن عَبَّاس : سُمُّوا بِذَلِكَ لِبَيَاضِ ثِيَابهمْ , وَكَانُوا صَيَّادِينَ . اِبْن أَبِي نَجِيح وَابْن أَرْطَاة : كَانُوا قَصَّارِينَ فَسُمُّوا بِذَلِكَ لِتَبْيِيضِهِمْ الثِّيَاب . قَالَ عَطَاء : أَسْلَمَتْ مَرْيَم عِيسَى إِلَى أَعْمَال شَتَّى , وَآخِر مَا دَفَعَتْهُ إِلَى الْحَوَارِيِّينَ وَكَانُوا قَصَّارِينَ وَصَبَّاغِينَ , فَأَرَادَ مُعَلِّم عِيسَى السَّفَر فَقَالَ لِعِيسَى : عِنْدِي ثِيَاب كَثِيرَة مُخْتَلِفَة الْأَلْوَان وَقَدْ عَلَّمْتُك الصِّبْغَة فَاصْبُغْهَا . فَطَبَخَ عِيسَى حُبًّا وَاحِدًا وَأَدْخَلَهُ جَمِيع الثِّيَاب وَقَالَ : كُونِي بِإِذْنِ اللَّه عَلَى مَا أُرِيد مِنْك . فَقَدِمَ الْحَوَارِيّ وَالثِّيَاب كُلّهَا فِي الْحُبّ فَلَمَّا رَآهَا قَالَ : قَدْ أَفْسَدْتهَا ; فَأَخْرَجَ عِيسَى ثَوْبًا أَحْمَر وَأَصْفَر وَأَخْضَر إِلَى غَيْر ذَلِكَ مِمَّا كَانَ عَلَى كُلّ ثَوْب مَكْتُوب عَلَيْهِ صِبْغَة ; فَعَجِبَ الْحَوَارِيّ , وَعَلِمَ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ مِنْ اللَّه وَدَعَا النَّاس إِلَيْهِ فَآمَنُوا بِهِ ; فَهُمْ الْحَوَارِيُّونَ . قَتَادَة وَالضَّحَّاك : سُمُّوا بِذَلِكَ لِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا خَاصَّة الْأَنْبِيَاء . يُرِيدَانِ لِنَقَاءِ قُلُوبهمْ . وَقِيلَ . كَانُوا مُلُوكًا , وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْمَلِك صَنَعَ طَعَامًا فَدَعَا النَّاس إِلَيْهِ فَكَانَ عِيسَى عَلَى قَصْعَة فَكَانَتْ لَا تَنْقُص , فَقَالَ الْمَلِك لَهُ : مَنْ أَنْتَ ؟ قَالَ : عِيسَى اِبْن مَرْيَم . قَالَ : إِنِّي أَتْرُك مُلْكِي هَذَا وَأَتَّبِعك . فَانْطَلَقَ بِمَنْ اِتَّبَعَهُ مَعَهُ , فَهُمْ الْحَوَارِيُّونَ ; قَالَهُ اِبْن عَوْن . وَأَصْل الْحَوَر فِي اللُّغَة الْبَيَاض , وَحَوَّرْت الثِّيَاب بَيَّضْتهَا , وَالْحَوَارِيّ مِنْ الطَّعَام مَا حُوِّرَ , أَيْ بُيِّضَ , وَاحْوَرَّ اِبْيَضَّ , وَالْجَفْنَة الْمُحَوَّرَة : الْمُبَيَّضَة بِالسَّنَامِ , وَالْحَوَارِيّ أَيْضًا النَّاصِر ; قَالَ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : ( لِكُلِّ نَبِيّ حَوَارِيّ وَحَوَارِييّ الزُّبَيْر ) . وَالْحَوَارِيَّات : النِّسَاء لِبَيَاضِهِنَّ ; وَقَالَ : فَقُلْ لِلْحَوَارِيَّاتِ يَبْكِينَ غَيْرنَا وَلَا تَبْكِنَا إِلَّا الْكِلَاب النَّوَابِح

غريب الآية
الإعراب
(فَلَمَّا)
"الْفَاءُ" حَرْفُ اسْتِئْنَافٍ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الْفَتْحِ، وَ(لَمَّا) : ظَرْفُ زَمَانٍ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى السُّكُونِ فِي مَحَلِّ نَصْبٍ.
(أَحَسَّ)
فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ فِعْلُ الشَّرْطِ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الْفَتْحِ.
(عِيسَى)
فَاعِلٌ مَرْفُوعٌ وَعَلَامَةُ رَفْعِهِ الضَّمَّةُ الْمُقَدَّرَةُ لِلتَّعَذُّرِ.
(مِنْهُمُ)
(مِنْ) : حَرْفُ جَرٍّ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى السُّكُونِ، وَ"هَاءُ الْغَائِبِ" ضَمِيرٌ مُتَّصِلٌ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى السُّكُونِ الْمُقَدَّرِ لِالْتِقَاءِ السَّاكِنَيْنِ فِي مَحَلِّ جَرٍّ بِالْحَرْفِ.
(الْكُفْرَ)
مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ مَنْصُوبٌ وَعَلَامَةُ نَصْبِهِ الْفَتْحَةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ.
(قَالَ)
فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الْفَتْحِ جَوَابُ الشَّرْطِ، وَالْفَاعِلُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ تَقْدِيرُهُ "هُوَ".
(مَنْ)
اسْمُ اسْتِفْهَامٍ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى السُّكُونِ فِي مَحَلِّ رَفْعٍ مُبْتَدَأٌ.
(أَنْصَارِي)
خَبَرٌ مَرْفُوعٌ وَعَلَامَةُ رَفْعِهِ الضَّمَّةُ الْمُقَدَّرَةُ لِاشْتِغَالِ الْمَحَلِّ بِحَرَكَةِ الْمُنَاسَبَةِ لِلْيَاءِ، وَ"يَاءُ الْمُتَكَلِّمِ" ضَمِيرٌ مُتَّصِلٌ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى السُّكُونِ فِي مَحَلِّ جَرٍّ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ.
(إِلَى)
حَرْفُ جَرٍّ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى السُّكُونِ.
(اللَّهِ)
اسْمُ الْجَلَالَةِ اسْمٌ مَجْرُورٌ وَعَلَامَةُ جَرِّهِ الْكَسْرَةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ.
(قَالَ)
فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الْفَتْحِ.
(الْحَوَارِيُّونَ)
فَاعِلٌ مَرْفُوعٌ وَعَلَامَةُ رَفْعِهِ الْوَاوُ لِأَنَّهُ جَمْعُ مُذَكَّرٍ سَالِمٌ.
(نَحْنُ)
ضَمِيرٌ مُنْفَصِلٌ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الضَّمِّ فِي مَحَلِّ رَفْعٍ مُبْتَدَأٌ.
(أَنْصَارُ)
خَبَرٌ مَرْفُوعٌ وَعَلَامَةُ رَفْعِهِ الضَّمَّةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ.
(اللَّهِ)
اسْمُ الْجَلَالَةِ مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ مَجْرُورٌ وَعَلَامَةُ جَرِّهِ الْكَسْرَةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ.
(آمَنَّا)
فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى السُّكُونِ لِاتِّصَالِهِ بِنَا الْفَاعِلِينَ، وَ(نَا) : ضَمِيرٌ مُتَّصِلٌ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى السُّكُونِ فِي مَحَلِّ رَفْعٍ فَاعِلٌ.
(بِاللَّهِ)
"الْبَاءُ" حَرْفُ جَرٍّ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الْكَسْرِ، وَاسْمُ الْجَلَالَةِ اسْمٌ مَجْرُورٌ وَعَلَامَةُ جَرِّهِ الْكَسْرَةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ.
(وَاشْهَدْ)
"الْوَاوُ" حَرْفُ عَطْفٍ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الْفَتْحِ، وَ(اشْهَدْ) : فِعْلُ أَمْرٍ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى السُّكُونِ، وَالْفَاعِلُ ضَمِيرٌ مُسْتَتِرٌ تَقْدِيرُهُ "أَنْتَ".
(بِأَنَّا)
"الْبَاءُ" حَرْفُ جَرٍّ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الْكَسْرِ، وَ(أَنَّ) : حَرْفُ تَوْكِيدٍ وَنَصْبٍ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الْفَتْحِ، وَ(نَا) : ضَمِيرٌ مُتَّصِلٌ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى السُّكُونِ فِي مَحَلِّ نَصْبٍ اسْمُ (أَنَّ) :.
(مُسْلِمُونَ)
خَبَرُ (أَنَّ) : مَرْفُوعٌ وَعَلَامَةُ رَفْعِهِ الْوَاوُ لِأَنَّهُ جَمْعُ مُذَكَّرٍ سَالِمٌ، وَالْمَصْدَرُ الْمُؤَوَّلُ مِنْ (أَنَّ) : وَمَعْمُولَيْهَا فِي مَحَلِّ جَرٍّ بِالْبَاءِ.